Rodents are everywhere in North America, from bustling cities to quiet rural areas. While they may seem like a minor nuisance at times, these small creatures carry serious risks for humans. Read on to discover common diseases carried by North American rodents so you can better protect your home and your family.
Hantaviruses
Hantaviruses are a group of viruses primarily spread by rodents such as deer mice, cotton rats, and white-footed mice. Humans can contract Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), a potentially life-threatening illness, through exposure to fresh rodent droppings, urine, saliva, or nesting materials. The virus is often transmitted when these contaminated particles become airborne and are inhaled, though direct contact or rodent bites can also lead to infection. Early symptoms of HPS resemble the flu, including fatigue, muscle aches, fever, and shortness of breath. However, the illness can quickly progress to severe respiratory distress and organ failure if left untreated.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, commonly spread through water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected rodents and other animals. Humans can contract the disease through direct contact with these contaminated sources or through open wounds, mucous membranes, or even drinking contaminated water. Symptoms of leptospirosis can vary widely, ranging from mild signs of fever, chills, and muscle aches to more severe complications such as liver or kidney damage, meningitis, or respiratory distress. Without timely treatment, the disease can become life-threatening.
Rat Bite Fever
Rat Bite Fever (RBF) is a bacterial illness caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis in North America and Spirillum minus in other regions. This disease can be transmitted to humans through bites or scratches from infected rodents or by handling rodents and subsequently ingesting contaminated food or water. Symptoms typically appear within 3-10 days after exposure and may start with fever, chills, muscle pain, and a distinctive rash. If untreated, the infection can lead to serious complications such as infections of the heart, brain, or lungs. To prevent RBF, handle rodents with caution, use protective gloves, and maintain proper hygiene after contact.
Chagas Disease
Chagas Disease is a parasitic illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected triatomine bugs, commonly referred to as “kissing bugs.” These insects often feed on the blood of rodents, who then become carriers of the parasite, and can infect humans when their feces come into contact with bite wounds or mucous membranes. Though more common in Central and South America, cases have been reported in North America, particularly in the southern United States. Chagas Disease can present in two stages: the acute phase, which may include fever, swelling near the eyes, and fatigue, and the chronic phase, which can lead to severe complications, such as heart failure or digestive system problems, if untreated.
Understanding the common diseases carried by North American rodents can help you protect yourself and your loved ones. Implementing preventive measures, such as maintaining a clean environment, sealing potential entry points, and addressing infestations promptly, can significantly reduce your risk. Attics are common places for rats to make themselves at home, while squirrels tend to find their way into chimneys, so be sure to check these vulnerable spots and more to prevent potential infestations.
